Horizon Minds

Science moves forward,

when minds are willing to change.

Changing
your mind

The study of consciousness sits at the edge of what science can explain. A place where ideas collide, evolve, and sometimes, transform. At Horizon Minds, we believe that science moves forward when minds are willing to change.

This site isn’t just a library of chapters from The Scientific Study of Consciousness. It’s a living space for dialogue: a place where experts, students, postdocs, and deep thinkers from all backgrounds can explore, challenge, and refine ideas together.

We invite you to join the conversation. Share your thoughts, question assumptions, and help shape the evolving landscape of consciousness science. Because real progress doesn’t come from holding firm to old beliefs.

It comes from rethinking what we think we know.

The
Scientific
Study
of
Consciousness

Experimental & Theoretical Approaches

  • Jaan Aru

  • Andrew W. Corcoran

    Francis Fallon

    Sascha Fink

    Jakob Hohwy

    Liad Mudrik

    Niccolò Negro

    Antti Revonsuo

    Tobias Schlicht

    Camilo M Signorelli

Progress and problems

  • Lucia Melloni

  • Melanie Boly

    Richard Brown

    Axel Cleeremans

    Stephen M. Fleming

    Simona Ginsburg

    Michael S. A. Graziano

    Eva Jablonka

    Kwangjun Lee

    Lucia Melloni

    Lionel Naccache

    Cyriel M.A. Pennartz

    Giulio Tononi

Theories and prediction testing

  • Athena Demertzi & Thomas Andrillon

  • Oussama Abdoun

    Thomas Andrillon

    Aviva Berkovich-Ohana

    Juan Diego Bogotá

    Paradeisios Boulakis

    Anthony Clément

    Athena Demertzi

    Yair Dor-Ziderman

    Catherine Duclos

    Johannes J. Fahrenfort

    Simon van Gaal

    Biyu J. He

    Zirui Huang

    Anthony G. Hudetz

    Julian Kiverstein

    Lua Koenig

    Hugo Lagercrantz

    Marie Loescher

    Antoine Lutz

    Marcello Massimini

    George A. Mashour

    Umberto Olcese

    Nelly Padilla

    Joao Patriota

    Claudia Passos-Ferreira

    Francesca Siclari

    Jacobo Diego Sitt

    Timo Stein

    Catherine Tallon-Baudry

    Enzo Tagliazucchi

    Fynn-Mathis Trautwein

    Michael J. Young

Human consciousness

  • Umberto Olcese

    Lucia Melloni

  • Kristin Andrews

    Jaan Aru

    Tyler Delmore

    Sabine Gnodde

    Ege Kingir

    Andreas Nieder

    Umberto Olcese

    Theofanis I. Panagiotaropoulos

    Michelle J. Redinbaugh

    Yuri B. Saalmann

    Mototaka Suzuki

    Kengo Takahashi

    Melanie Wilke

Animal models

  • Johannes Kleiner

    Umberto Olcese

  • Larissa Albantakis

    Lenore Blum

    Manuel Blum

    Johannes Kleiner

    Naotsugu Tsuchiya

Mathematical approaches

  • Guillaume Dumas

    Umberto Olcese

  • Yoshua Bengio

    Sabina Craciun

    Guillaume Dumas

    Eric Elmoznino

    Natalie Kastel

    Guillaume Lajoie

    Andrea Lavazza

    Chauncey Maher

    Jonathan Simon

Extrapolation to other systems

  • Lucia Melloni & Umberto Olcese

  • Jaan Aru

    Lara Brauchle

    Niels Gaspers

    Johannes Kleiner

    Lucia Melloni

    Umberto Olcese

    Zefan Zheng

Conclusions and forward looking

Explore the book

The Scientific Study of Consciousness: Experimental & Theoretical Approaches brings together leading researchers across neuroscience, philosophy, mathematics, and beyond — united by a shared commitment to rigorous inquiry and open debate.

Each chapter below is freely accessible and available to download. Whether you're entering the field for the first time or revisiting ideas you've wrestled with for years, we invite you to read, reflect, and engage.

click to enlarge

1

Progress and Problems in the Study of Consciousness

  • Francis Fallon

    ⤓ CHAPTER 1.1

  • Tobias Schlicht

    ⤓ CHAPTER 1.2

  • Antti Revonsuo

    ⤓ CHAPTER 1.3

  • Niccolò Negro, Andrew W. Corcoran, Liad Mudrik, Jakob Hohwy

    ⤓ CHAPTER 1.4

  • Camilo Miguel Signorelli

    ⤓ CHAPTER 1.5

  • Sascha Fink

    ⤓ CHAPTER 1.6

  • Niccolò Negro & Liad Mudrik

    ⤓ CHAPTER 1.7

2

Theoretical Frameworks and Their Testable Predictions

  • Lionel Naccache

    ⤓ CHAPTER 2.1

  • Stephen M. Fleming, Richard Brown & Axel Cleeremans

    ⤓ CHAPTER 2.2

  • Kwangjun Lee & Cyriel M.A. Pennartz

    ⤓ CHAPTER 2.3

  • Michael S. A. Graziano

    ⤓ CHAPTER 2.4

  • Giulio Tononi & Melanie Boly

    ⤓ CHAPTER 2.5

  • Eva Jablonka & Simona Ginsburg

    ⤓ CHAPTER 2.6

  • Lucia Melloni

    ⤓ CHAPTER 2.7

3

Studying Consciousness in Humans

  • Johannes J. Fahrenfort, Simon van Gaal & Timo Stein

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.1

  • Nelly Padilla & Hugo Lagercrantz

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.2

  • Claudia Passos-Ferreira

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.3

  • Marie Loescher, Anthony Clément & Catherine Tallon-Baudry

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.4

  • Lua Koenig & Biyu J. He

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.5

  • Catherine Duclos, Athena Demertzi, Michael J Young & Marcello Massimini

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.6

  • Paradeisios Boulakis, Athena Demertzi, Jacobo Diego Sitt & Thomas Andrillon

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.7

  • Francesca Siclari, Joao Patriota & Umberto Olcese

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.8

  • Zirui Huang, Anthony G. Hudetz & George A. Mashour

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.9

  • Enzo Tagliazucchi

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.10

  • Antoine Lutz, Oussama Abdoun, Yair Dor-Ziderman, Fynn-Mathis Trautwein, Lars Sandved-Smith, Juan Diego Bogotá, Julian Kiverstein & Aviva Berkovich-Ohana

    ⤓ CHAPTER 3.11

4

Experimental Approaches in Animal Models

  • Kristin Andrews & Tyler Delmore

    ⤓ CHAPTER 4.1

  • Melanie Wilke & Ege Kingir

    ⤓ CHAPTER 4.2

  • Theofanis I. Panagiotaropoulos

    ⤓ CHAPTER 4.3

  • Michelle J. Redinbaugh & Yuri B. Saalmann

    ⤓ CHAPTER 4.4

  • Mototaka Suzuki & Jaan Aru

    ⤓ CHAPTER 4.5

  • Sabine Gnodde, Kengo Takahashi & Umberto Olcese

    ⤓ CHAPTER 4.6

  • Andreas Nieder

    ⤓ CHAPTER 4.7

5

Mathematical
and Computational Approaches to Study Consciousness

  • Johannes Kleiner

    ⤓ CHAPTER 5.1

  • Lenore Blum & Manuel Blum

    ⤓ CHAPTER 5.2

  • Larissa Albantakis

    ⤓ CHAPTER 5.3

  • Naotsugu Tsuchiya

    ⤓ CHAPTER 5.4

6

Studying Consciousness in Artificial Systems
and Beyond

  • Eric Elmoznino, Guillaume Lajoie, Jonathan Simon & Yoshua Bengio

    ⤓ CHAPTER 6.1

  • Andrea Lavazza

    ⤓ CHAPTER 6.2

  • Natalie Kastel & Guillaume Dumas

    ⤓ CHAPTER 6.3

  • Chauncey Maher & Sabina Craciun

    ⤓ CHAPTER 6.4

7

The Outlook of Consciousness Science

  • Jaan Aru

    ⤓ CHAPTER 7.1

  • Lara Brauchle, Niels Gaspers, Johannes Kleiner & Zefan Zheng

    ⤓ CHAPTER 7.2

  • Lucia Melloni & Umberto Olcese

    ⤓ CHAPTER 7.3